Soap is a by-product formed during the manufacture of pulp through the sulfate process. During this process, wood chips are boiled with a chemical mixture, typically sodium sulfate, in the presence of water and high temperatures. This chemical treatment breaks down the wood fibers and dissolves lignin, resulting in a liquid called black liquor. When the black liquor evaporates, sodium sulfate crystallizes, leaving behind a thick, brownish liquid called soap.
Soap primarily consists of sodium carbonates, sodium sulfides, and organic compounds extracted from the wood during the cooking process. It also contains small amounts of other chemical substances formed as by-products during the process.
Soap is an important chemical substance in the pulp and paper industry and has various uses. It is used, for example, to manufacture tall oil, another by-product of the sulfate process, and to treat the spent liquor to recover the chemicals. Additionally, soap can be used to produce soap and other cleaning products due to its cleansing properties.
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